SS-31 1000mg
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SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is a synthetic tetrapeptide belonging to the Szeto-Schiller (SS) family of peptides. It consists of 4 amino acids with an alternating aromatic-cationic motif. Research distinguishes this peptide by its ability to selectively target and concentrate within the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it interacts with cardiolipin to modulate mitochondrial bioenergetics.
For Research Use Only. Not for human consumption.
SS-31 possesses the molecular formula C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅ and corresponds to the amino acid sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2. A key structural feature is the inclusion of 2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt), a synthetic amino acid residue that enhances the peptide’s ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). This specific sequence allows the peptide to penetrate cell membranes independently of energy-dependent transporters and localize specifically to the mitochondria.
Scientific studies focus on the interaction between SS-31 and cardiolipin, a phospholipid unique to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Cardiolipin is essential for the organization of the electron transport chain (ETC) into supercomplexes. Research suggests that SS-31 binds to cardiolipin, thereby stabilizing the cristae structure and optimizing the efficiency of electron transfer. This interaction is hypothesized to prevent the leakage of electrons that typically results in the formation of superoxide radicals.
In various animal models, SS-31 is utilized to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction associated with aging and ischemic stress. Unlike traditional antioxidants that scavenge ROS throughout the cell, SS-31 is studied for its ability to reduce ROS production at the source without inhibiting the oxidative phosphorylation necessary for ATP production. Researchers monitor these effects to understand pathways related to cellular energy preservation.
This product is strictly for laboratory and research purposes only. SS-31 is not intended for human use, diagnostic, or therapeutic procedures. It serves as a reagent for scientific study and method development.
References
- Szeto, H. H. (2006). “Mitochondria-targeted peptide antioxidants: novel neuroprotective agents.” The AAPS Journal, 8(3), E521-E531.
- Szeto, H. H., & Schiller, P. W. (2011). “Novel therapies targeting mitochondria: the search for new paradigms.” Translational Research, 157(1), 39-41.
- Birk, A. V., et al. (2013). “The mitochondrial-targeted compound SS-31 re-energizes ischemic mitochondria by interacting with cardiolipin.” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 24(8), 1250-1261.
